Argentina’s federal structure creates a distinctive situation for Buenos Aires, which is split between two separate jurisdictions with independent health authorities: CABA, an autonomous district with its own government, and the province of Buenos Aires, a separate entity that surrounds it and contains roughly 17 million people. CABA manages its own dense network of public hospitals and primary care centers, funded largely through its own considerable tax revenues. As the wealthiest and most resource-rich jurisdiction in the country, it maintains a relatively well-funded public system compared to most provinces. Buenos Aires Province, governed separately from the city, administers a much larger and more stretched system across 135 municipalities. Responsibility is further devolved to municipal governments, adding a fourth layer of administration that complicates coordination and produces uneven care quality between, say, wealthy Tigre and poorer districts in the Conurbano Bonaerense. The national government funds certain programs operating across both jurisdictions but cannot override their autonomous health decisions. This means that despite being geographically adjacent, CABA and Buenos Aires Province operate largely parallel systems — a direct consequence of federalism that affects everything from hospital funding to public health emergency responses.